前几期文章系统介绍了it作代词及形式主语、形式宾语的用法,本周继续讲解it用法中的一个常见考点和易混点,即it构成的强调句与定语从句的区别。
首先看强调句的概念和构成,强调句型可以用来强调除谓语外的任何其他成分,其构成为It is(was)+被强调部分+that+其他成分。
当被强调部分为人时,可用who 或(whom)代替that。请看下面易混句型:
① It was October 1st,1949 when the People's Republic of China was founded.
②It was on October 1st, 1949 that the People's Republic of China was founded.在这一组句子中,①是定语从句,由关系副词when引导,修饰主句的表语October 1st,1949,此处when相当于on which;②则为强调句,强调了句中的时间状语on October 1st,1949,因而用that引导。对此,同学们可依据以下原则进行区分:强调句型中的it是个引导词,本身没有意义。如果去掉it is/was…that,句子结构依然完整,句意也完整。如②句中,去掉it is/was…that部分后,句子变为On October 1st, 1949,the People's Republic of China was founded.结构和句意都完整;而如果将定语从句中的it is/was…that去掉后,句子结构则不完整。
此外,还应注意另一相关句型It is not until +被强调的部分+ that,意思为“直到……才”的运用。例如:It was not until he came back that we started the meeting. (直到他回来我们才开始开会),此句可替换为下面两句:
Not until he came back did we start the meeting.
或We didn’t start the meeting until he came back.
同学们在写作中也应该利用经典句型进行替换练习。(待续)
亨德森外国语学校高中英语教学部 钱旻敏